Bada of Odishan Temple Architecture
In Odisha temple architecture, the term Bada refers to the lower part of the base structure of the temple. The Bada is the foundational and vertical section upon which the temple rises and typically consists of three or five subdivisions.
1. Pabhaga
The foot or base section of the Bada usually comprises a series of moldings with intricate decorative carvings. This section establishes the initial foundation of the temple and is adorned with sculptural elements that enhance its visual appeal. The series of moldings include:
- Khura
- Kumbha
- Pata
- Kani
- Basanta
2. Tala Jangha
The main body or middle section of the Bada is divided into two parts: Tala Jangha (Nimna Jangha) – The lower part of the Jangha, often decorated with a range of reliefs and sculptures depicting scenes from mythology or images of deities.
3. Bandhana
A decorative horizontal band that separates the Tala Jangha from the Upara Jangha. It serves as a visual break, marking the transition within the Jangha while also adding to the temple's ornamental beauty.
4. Upara Jangha
The upper part of the Jangha is usually decorated with similar motifs and carvings, creating a layered effect that adds depth and complexity to the temple's appearance.
5. Baranda
The topmost part of the Bada is marked by a series of horizontal moldings or bands. This section acts as a capstone for the Bada and creates a smooth transition into the superstructure above, known as the Gandi.
In Brief:
The bada plays a vital role in the Kalinga style of temple architecture, providing structural support and a stable base. At the same time, its intricate carvings and divisions add visual sophistication to the overall design.
Each section of the Bada: from the Pabhaga to Tala Jangha, Bandhana, Uppar Jangha, and the Baranda, contributes to the temple's aesthetic and cultural expression, making it an essential component of Odishan temple architecture.
These elements exemplify the detailed craftsmanship and architectural sophistication of the Kalinga style in Odishan temple architecture.