Naga Nagi in Odisha Temple
In the temples of Odisha, the depictions of Naga and Nagi, the serpent deities of Hindu and Buddhist traditions, showcase a rich tapestry of iconographic details. The male Naga is typically portrayed with multiple heads—five, seven, or more—each head bearing distinct expressions and often hooded. His female counterpart, Nagi, shares a similar serpentine form but is portrayed with fewer heads.
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Coiled or entwined, the Nagas form canopies or shields, their raised hoods symbolizing vigilance and protective energies. Adorned with elaborate crowns and jewelry, the Nagas embody a divine presence, with some depictions showcasing symbols of royalty.
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Position of Naga Nagi:
In the context of temple art, Nagas are commonly positioned at entrances, acting as protective gatekeepers. They may also be found intertwined with the architectural elements of temple exteriors, including the bases of pillars and lintels.
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The contextual depictions vary, with Nagas serving as thrones for deities, particularly during mythological episodes like the churning of the ocean (Samudra Manthan). Temples in Odisha integrate Nagas into their design, not only as divine beings but as symbols of auspiciousness, fertility, and protection.
Ascending Naga Nagi:
A fascinating variation in the iconography involves the ascending and descending Nagas. The ascending Nagas, coiling upwards, symbolize upward spiritual progress, enlightenment, and the journey toward higher consciousness.
Figure: 4
Descending Naga Nagi:
On the other hand, the descending Nagas, coiling downward, represents the divine descending to the earthly realm, bringing blessings, protection, and divine energy. This duality in representation adds depth to the symbolic meanings associated with Nagas in Odishan temples.
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Whether depicted in mythological narratives, as architectural elements, or in ritual worship during festivals like Naga Puja, the Nagas play a multifaceted and integral role in the spiritual and artistic landscape of Odisha's temples.